Tag Archives: Life

My Honest Advice About Information Security Education

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Now that I am a security professional and mentor, there is one question that still haunts me to this day. It’s that simple moment when an aspiring young hacker (formal use, as in enjoys figure out how things work), looks to the future and asks for advice in furthering their education. The question is normally placed in the form of “Where should I go to school?” or “What college do you recommend”. I hesitate to answer these types of questions, because honestly my answer would be none. I find it hard to bring myself to recommend any of the schools I’ve gone to or have heard of to an InfoSec geek like myself. In fact I wish someone would have sat me down a few years ago and told me the truth about prospects for education. Instead, I got the same old sales pitches for degree’s that severe all your needs, from the big universities. So, for anyone out there who is looking for barely honest advice on the topic of information security education, I offer up my experiences in clear text for your consumption.

The first and last piece of advice I would give anyone is that you will need to do a substance amount of learning on your own time. I don’t care what college one goes to, or what program they belong to, they will not cover the material you need to know to work in the field. Most of the schools I’ve heard of do not offer any classes in information security and if they do, it’s a theory class that goes to about the level of a CompTIA Security+ certification. I think there are two main causes of these issues, based upon the colleges I’ve attended. First Is just fear, they are scared of teaching the “dark arts” to students, because of both the legality that exists and the fact that students may use their knowledge for unethical means. The second is the shear lack of student interest, accreditation, and standardization that has led to a truly sluggish development of InfoSec course work. That being said, there has been a noticeable push by several government bodies to form a basis for preparing security professionals for the future. This effort, known as Centers of Academic Excellence in Information Security, is in its infancy and still only has the backing of a few large, slow-moving institutions. So needless to say, it stands to be quite a while before we see fully developed information security degrees. In fact based on speaking with several universities, I don’t expect to see a fully accredited Information Security Bachelor’s degree from a top 10 school until around 2020.

That being said, there is a real need in the current education landscape to supplement your education, with additional work outside the class room. The good news is for us InfoSec geeks, there is a lot of free and cost effective training out there for us. The bad news is, you will have to prove you were engages in it and/or justify it to any future employer.  This learning commonly takes place online and can be video lectures like those found on Udemy.com and coursera.org. Others can be rather cost effective courses taught by security professionals online, like Georgia Weidman, Joseph McCray, and Marcus Carey. I also highly recommend going to as well InfoSec conferences as possible as well, as they are a wealth of information and networking opportunities for a future career. Many of these conferences are free of charge, the bsides events, and many others have limit student rate tickets as well. Also be sure to get involved in as many of the InfoSec competitions as possible to brush up your skills. Some may require you to be a full time student at an accredited university, but still do as many as possible. Some of the major competitions for college students are CCDC, CyberWars, and NCL.

The other huge source of knowledge is technical certifications. These certifications can be a great learning opportunity and great proof of knowledge to an employer. However, in the Information Security Industry not all companies give certifications the same weight. In fact some may require you have or acquire a certification, while others many not even give you a pat on the pack for them. In fact, many certification exams have been getting easier and more expensive over the years as demand has gone up. This devalues the certification itself, and makes the cost much higher. For this reason, I recommend not getting cert happy while in school. As a side bar, I will recommend taking all certifications for any courses that will gain you credit for passing the certification exam itself. This will save you a signification amount of money and give you something else to really shine on a resume. There is nothing wrong with doing the course work for a certification and explaining that to an employer.  They will understand and you will find that a lot of employers will pay for certifications when you are in the work force. As such I recommend doing just that, if you take a course and like it, find the certification and study the material. Simply state you completed the course work on your resume instead of the certification itself and explain the cost barrier to any prospective employer. This makes a nice conversation piece during the interview process and will help with the cost. Just do not feel the need to go out and get all the certifications, they are rather costly to maintain and may not produce the desired result.

Now I would not necessarily say there is a requirement in this industry, to go to a collegiate institution. However from personal experience I will say many large corporations will require at least a 4 year degree before they will consider you. Most of the time however, the hiring process comes down to what you have done in the past and how you present that information to a hiring manager. Never the less if you are looking for a college or need to go, here are some helpful questions to find the right place.

  1. 1.       Does the college offer a course over open source software and operating systems (linux)?

This question is where I think many colleges currently fall short. Most universities I talked to, during my search for a school, were all about teaching Windows, Cisco, and Java.  These technologies may be the most common, but they will severally limit your abilities when it comes to a career in the field. I put Linux in as an example, because if they do not even teach an introduction to Linux you are going to be really hurting. The truth of the matter is most security professionals use Linux every day and develop their tools for it as well.

  1. How many courses do you have that relate to the security, integrity, confidentiality and availability of computer networks?

This question is almost self-explanatory, it seeks to drill down and ask how many courses you will get that will be directly related to your field. This will hopefully give you some additional information about the types of course you will be taking and how they might relate to your prospects for a career.

  1. Is there a student organization on campus that focuses computing, security, InfoSec, or Cyber Defense? If so, do they engage in competitions?

It is very import to be involved with active student organizations that exist on a school’s campus. In my experience these organizations offer more of a learning experience then most classes. If a school does not have any such organization it most likely is not that school for you. If it does, try and set up a meeting with several of the members. It is just as important to make sure you will mesh with any groups that exist there. Also check and see what professional or national organizations meet on campus or nearby, these groups will offer great networking opportunities and can be a good source of knowledge as well. Most importantly, figure out if any of the organizations participate in collegiate competitions. If they don’t, check with the dean or a few professors about the policies on engaging in such events. You might find that some school will not support these academic competitions and in which case, the school is probably not a good choice.

  1. Is this school accredited or do they do research in the realm of Information security?

Once again this will really speak to the quality of any program that exists at the prospective institution. Just be sure to ensure that the school holds a current version of the accreditation that they claim they have. If, they are doing information security research ask about the projects they are working on and who is involved. If it’s a single grad student or a professor who has an interest in security and are doing some research it might not be a good reason to go. Also be sure to check that the research is current and producing useable results, there is no reason to go to an institution with bad research practices.

  1. Are there any courses that require a certification for completion or follow a certification track?

As I stated earlier in my tangent about certifications, they are a double edged sword. If the institution focuses too heavily on certifications it may not be the best choice. However, on the other hand if they encourage and support their students in acquiring certifications as opposed to requiring it, they may very well be a good choice. Be sure to ask if they school has a certification center on campus. If they do, be sure to ask which certification companies they are contacted with. Also ask if vouchers or reduced rates are available for students.

 

Once you have chosen a university or school the next step is making the most out of the experience.  Now there are several ways to maximize your learning, and I will continue to update this list with more over time, but here are my top few.

  1. Get involved with student organizations and always strive to make them that one step better.
  2. Try your best to pass your knowledge on to the other students and expect the same in return.
  3. Find the professors who encourage you to orient your assignments toward your prospective career and take as many classes with them as possible.
  4. If your professor does not allow you to orient your work or doesn’t let you do it your way (and you still fulfill the assignment criteria), do it anyway, and if issues arise go straight to the dean.
  5. Try to get local or regional security professionals to give a talk at your institution.
  6. Never forget to have fun or you will burn out.
  7. Find internship opportunities and do the work you love.

Do you even Policy?

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I’m not the kind of person who normally rants, reviews, or rages, but this is an infosec blog and policies are the basis of a strong information plan. That being said there are two policies from two separate companies that have negatively affected my life lately. I figured I would explain why I think these policies need some work.

Before we get into these “failicies”, I’d like to explain what I believe makes a strong policy with four simple rules.  The first part is simple; the policy has to be well defined and accessible. Second, the policy has to be enforceable with a known consequence. Third, the policy needs to be enforced as an approved document by organization leadership. Lastly, the policy needs to be maintained to fulfill an overall all goal, in the most effective way possible.

 The first one has been rage blogged to death, so I won’t dwell on it too much. It’s a Walmart policy, with noble intentions and less than desired, or “fail”, executions. Simply put, if you try to buy alcohol and someone in your party is under the age of 21, they won’t let you complete your sale. I don’t drink and as of this posting I’m not quite 21, so needless to say my friends/family have experienced this policy up close and personal several times.

This policy is well defined and accessible within Walmart’s lengthy list of policies on their corporate website (linked below). I won’t bore you with the details or legal jargon, however it passes first muster from the well defined and accessible standpoint. The second rule however is another story; this policy, however well intentioned, is not enforceable. The simple truth is this policy is now widely known and as such people are more likely to dip out or split orders. These changes in client beehive only lead to line congestion, increased order processing, and more company time, making the bottom line the only thing that’s affected. The policy is clearly enforced by most employees, as I can personally attest, so they pass rule three (enforcement) as well. This policy has not been updated in the roughly 5 months it has been in place, but we will give them a pass here, in hopes that they are hard at work on their policies enforceability.

The second is policy is one that many credit unions have adopted because of the vast amount amounts of fraud coming from the west coast. Although I could not find any documentation on this policy or reasoning, thus knocking out rule one, I believe it stems from the several high profile data breaches in the last year. The policy is essentially to block all transactions over the amount of $100 if it is processed in any state on a flocculating list. Now this is indeed helpful to most people, in helping to prevent fraud and surely saves a lot of money. But after talking to both the credit unions I’m a member of it would seem the system and/or policy is flawed. This is because the only way to get a transaction that would have been blocked to go through is to temporarily suppress all fraud protection on your account. This was hard to hear. Even worse, in most cases you need to call ahead at least one business day before the purchase to get the suppression activated, for a minimum of one business day. This means that ones account is entirely open to attack for a whole day. I was able to talk to account managers about both CU’s and was told in both cases that there is no customization on this policy. Even worse the manager at one location told me it is their policy to activate the same suppression while someone is traveling, which in my opinion is when credit fraud is most likely to occur. The good news is these policies are full heartedly enforced by automated processing system, so we will check the rule number three box. Rule number four is up in the air on this one, some people I talked to said they’re working on making these system more robust and trying to make the policy more customizable to the customers needs. I’m still unsure if they were just trying to get me out of their hair or not. However, because there is some indication of maintaining and improving these polices we will give them a pass on rule four as well. However I feel that these policies are by no means effective at stop fraud and such cases should be handled on a company instead of state basis.

failicies: A word I probably just made up, that refers to a policy(s)

http://corporate.walmart.com/policies